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An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters in

Thiago ANTONINI ALVES,Paulo H. D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 263-276 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0345-y

Abstract: independent power dissipation in each heater by using a matrix G+ with invariant coefficientsThese coefficients are defined in this study as the conjugate influence coefficients (g+conjugate coefficients are invariant with the heat generation rate in the array of heaters when assumingexamples are shown, indicating the effects of substrate thermal conductivity and Reynolds number on conjugateinfluence coefficients.

Keywords： channel flow     conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling     conjugate influence coefficients     discrete    

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Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate

Zeyu Chen,Rong Guo,Jianghong Xu,Chuangjun Qiu

Frontiers of Medicine 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 490-498 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0470-y

Abstract: immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) polysaccharide conjugateA total of 15 young mice aged 3 weeks to 5 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine, and anotherThis new Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine can induce both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses in young

Keywords： conjugate vaccine     pneumococcal surface adhesin A     Hemophilus influenzae b     immunogenicity     otitis media    

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Experimental study of aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of twin deck bridges

Zhiwen LIU , Zhengqing CHEN , Gao LIU , Xinpeng SHAO ,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 292-298 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0048-8

Abstract: The aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of twin deck bridges with large spanchanged during the wind tunnel test to study the effects on aerodynamic interferences of aerostatic coefficientsThe research results have shown that the drag coefficients of the leeward deck are much smaller thanThe drag coefficients of a windward deck decrease slightly compared with that of a single deck.And the aerodynamic interference effects on lift and torque coefficients of twin decks can be neglected

Keywords： twin decks     aerodynamic interference effects     aerostatic coefficients     wind tunnel test    

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Calculations of narrow-band transimissities and the Planck mean absorption coefficients of real gases

Huaqiang CHU, Mingyan GU, Huaichun ZHOU, Fengshan LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 41-48 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0292-4

Abstract: The Planck mean absorption coefficients of CO , H O, CO, and CH in the temperature range of 300 to 2500The SNB model was also used to calculate the Planck mean absorption coefficients of these four radiating

Keywords： transimissity     HITEMP     HITRAN     Planck mean absorption coefficients    

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Expressions for Differential and Apparent Coefficients of Static Friction

Wang Weiyuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 8,   Pages 29-32

Abstract:

Recently, scientists and engineers are interested in coefficients of static friction on micro andOn macro scale, the friction force is proportional to load, the apparent coefficients of static frictionIn this paper, from the definition of differential coefficients of static friction, the expressions fordifferential and apparent coefficients of static friction, 〓 and 〓 for several models are deduced.Only 〓 can be measured in experiments, which can be the coefficients on micro or macro scale depending

Keywords： differential coefficients of static friction     coefficients of static friction on micro or nano scale     apparentcoefficients of static friction     coefficients of static friction on macro scale    

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Influence of drought and rewatering on the pattern of photosynthate partitioning of winter wheat

Gu Yanfang,Ding Shengyan,Gao Zhiying and Xing Qian

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 3,   Pages 59-64

Abstract:

In 2005—2006, two experiments were carried out to study the effect of drought stress on photosynthate partitioning patterns of winter wheat, as well as ecophysiological responses of winter wheat to drought and rewatering, at the Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Jimai20 and Zhoumai18, two winter wheat cultivars differing in sensitivity to drought stress, were grown in the field under a retractable awning. In experiment, plants were subjected to severe drought stress at the reviving stage, and then rewatered respectively at the jointing stage (Wr1), the booting stage (Wr2) and the flowering stage (Wr3). Rewatering had compensatory effects on losses in winter wheat biomass induced by drought stress. Rewatering at the jointing stage had the greatest stimulating effect on biomass. Compensatory growth however did not lead to a full recovery of leaf area lost during the drought period. Rewatering at first suppressed root growth, and then stimulated it. Drought stress led to reduced photosynthate allocation in leaves and spikes, and increased photosynthate allocation in the stem, leaf sheaths and roots. Rewatering at the jointing stage, the booting stage and the flowering stage boosted photosynthate accumulation in leaves, the stem and grains respectively. Rewatering at all stages allowed full recovery of drought induced yield loss, by increasing number of spikelets at the jointing stage or 1 000 kernel weight at the booting and flowering stages.

Keywords： potosynthate     partitioning coefficients     water-solution carbohydrates     winter wheat     drought stress and    

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Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for hydrocarbons in imidazolium-based ionic

ZHU Jiqin, YU Yanmei, CHEN Jian, FEI Weiyang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 190-194 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0035-3

Abstract: Activity coefficients γ at infinite dilution of a solute in ionic liquid are generally used in the selectionActivity coefficients at infinite dilution of hydrocarbon solutes, such as alkanes, hexenes, alkylbenzenesThe quantitative relations among the computed structure parameters and activity coefficients at infinite

Keywords： cost-saving     consistent     coefficient     measurement     separating    

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Effect of friction coefficients on the dynamic response of gear systems

Lingli JIANG, Zhenyong DENG, Fengshou GU, Andrew D. BALL, Xuejun LI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 397-405 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0415-4

Abstract: The change in the lubrication conditions is modeled by the changes in the friction coefficients, therebythe mean and root mean square values calculated by the simulated responses under different friction coefficients

Keywords： dynamic response     friction coefficient     wind loads     wind turbine gearbox    

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Smart model for accurate estimation of solar radiation

Lazhar ACHOUR, Malek BOUHARKAT, Ouarda ASSAS, Omar BEHAR

Frontiers in Energy 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 383-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0505-3

Abstract: Prediction of solar radiation has drawn increasing attention in the recent years. This is because of the lack of solar radiation measurement stations. In the present work, 14 solar radiation models have been used to assess monthly global solar radiation on a horizontal surface as function of three parameters: extraterrestrial solar irradiance ( ), duration sunshine ( ) and daylight hours ( ). Since it has been observed that each model is adequate for some months of the year, one model cannot be used for the prediction of the whole year. Therefore, a smart hybrid system is proposed which selects, based on the intelligent rules, the most suitable prediction model of the 14 models listed in this study. For the test and evaluation of the proposed models, Tamanrasset city, which is located in the south of Algeria, is selected for this study. The meteorological data sets of five years (2000–2004) have been collected from the Algerian National Office of Meteorology (NOM), and two spatial databases. The results indicate that the new hybrid model is capable of predicting the monthly global solar radiation, which offers an excellent measuring accuracy of values ranging from 93% to 97% in this location.

Keywords： global solar radiation     statistical indicator     hybrid model     spatial database     correlation coefficients    

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Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers

Ulrich L?CHELT, Ernst WAGNER

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 275-286 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1203-z

Abstract: Polymer-based conjugates are an interesting option and challenge for the design of nano-sized drug-delivery systems, as they require advanced conjugation chemistry and precise engineering. In the case of nucleic acid therapy, non-viral carriers face several biological barriers during the delivery process, namely 1) protection of the cargo from extracellular degradation, 2) avoidance of non-specific interactions with non-targeted tissues, 3) efficient entry into the target cells, 4) intracellular trafficking to the site of action and 5) cargo release. To take on these obstacles, multifunctional conjugates can act as “smart polymers” with microenvironment-sensing dynamics to facilitate the separate delivery steps. Synthesis of defined polymer architectures with precise functionalization enables structure-activity relationships to be investigated and the integration of key functions for efficient delivery. Thus bioresponsive polymer conjugates, which are equipped with molecular devices responding to the certain microenvironments within the delivery pathway (e.g. pH, redox potential, enzymes) can be assembled. This review focuses on the modular engineering and conjugation of multifunctional polymeric structures for the utilization as “tailor-made” nucleic acid carriers.

Keywords： conjugate     DNA     gene transfer     polymer     RNA     targeting    

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Identifying spreading influence nodes for social networks

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 520-549 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0190-8

Abstract: The identification of spreading influence nodes in social networks, which studies how to detect importantThe identification algorithms of spreading influence nodes can be used to evaluate the spreading influenceThis review summarizes the recent progress about the identification algorithms of spreading influenceand performance evaluation metrics, and outline future challenges of the identification of spreading influence

Keywords： complex network     network science     spreading influence     machine learning    

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Heterogeneous influence of individuals’ behavior on mask efficacy in gathering environments

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 550-562 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0193-5

Abstract: Wearing masks is an easy way to operate and popular measure for preventing epidemics. Although masks can slow down the spread of viruses, their efficacy in gathering environments involving heterogeneous person-to-person contacts remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the epidemic prevention effect of masks in different real-life gathering environments. This study uses four real interpersonal contact datasets to construct four empirical networks to represent four gathering environments. The transmission of COVID-19 is simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The heterogeneity of individuals can cause mask efficacy in a specific gathering environment to be different from the baseline efficacy in general society. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of gathering environments causes the epidemic prevention effect of masks to differ. Wearing masks can greatly reduce the probability of clustered epidemics and the infection scale in primary schools, high schools, and hospitals. However, the use of masks alone in primary schools and hospitals cannot control outbreaks. In high schools with social distancing between classes and in workplaces where the interpersonal contact is relatively sparse, masks can meet the need for prevention. Given the heterogeneity of individual behavior, if individuals who are more active in terms of interpersonal contact are prioritized for mask-wearing, the epidemic prevention effect of masks can be improved. Finally, asymptomatic infection has varying effects on the prevention effect of masks in different environments. The effect can be weakened or eliminated by increasing the usage rate of masks in high schools and workplaces. However, the effect on primary schools and hospitals cannot be weakened. This study contributes to the accurate evaluation of mask efficacy in various gathering environments to provide scientific guidance for epidemic prevention.

Keywords： COVID-19     masks     behavioral heterogeneity     asymptomatic infection    

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Wind tunnel test study on the wind pressure coefficient of claddings of high-rise buildings

Yong QUAN, Yi LIANG, Fei WANG, Ming GU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 518-524 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0128-4

Abstract: The area-averaged most unfavorable wind pressure coefficients (MUWPCs) on various regions of buildingsurfaces and the influence of the side ratio and the terrain category were studied based on wind tunnel

Keywords： side ratio     area-averaged pressure coefficients     cladding     terrain category    

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Social Influence Analysis: Models, Methods, and Evaluation Review

Kan Li, Lin Zhang, Heyan Huang

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 40-46 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.004

Abstract:

Social influence analysis (SIA) is a vast research field that has attracted research interest in manyMicroscopic models consider human interactions and the structure of the influence process, whereas macroscopicWe analyze social influence methods including influence maximization, influence minimization, flow ofinfluence, and individual influence.In social influence evaluation, influence evaluation metrics are introduced and social influence evaluation

Keywords： Social influence analysis     Online social networks     Social influence analysis models     Influence evaluation    

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Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different base-materials

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 406-413 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0041-x

Abstract: CHTflow is a conjugate code, which yields information on the temperature distribution in the solid bodywill increase the life-span of the TBC as it can better compensate the different thermal expansion coefficientsThe numerical grid for the simulations contains the coolant supply (plenum), the solid body for the conjugate

Keywords： conjugate calculation     effectiveness of effusion cooling     multi-layer systems     CMSX-4     NiAl-FG75    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters in

Thiago ANTONINI ALVES,Paulo H. D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

Journal Article

Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate

Zeyu Chen,Rong Guo,Jianghong Xu,Chuangjun Qiu

Journal Article

Experimental study of aerodynamic interference effects on aerostatic coefficients of twin deck bridges

Zhiwen LIU , Zhengqing CHEN , Gao LIU , Xinpeng SHAO ,

Journal Article

Calculations of narrow-band transimissities and the Planck mean absorption coefficients of real gases

Huaqiang CHU, Mingyan GU, Huaichun ZHOU, Fengshan LIU

Journal Article

Expressions for Differential and Apparent Coefficients of Static Friction

Wang Weiyuan

Journal Article

Influence of drought and rewatering on the pattern of photosynthate partitioning of winter wheat

Gu Yanfang,Ding Shengyan,Gao Zhiying and Xing Qian

Journal Article

Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for hydrocarbons in imidazolium-based ionic

ZHU Jiqin, YU Yanmei, CHEN Jian, FEI Weiyang

Journal Article

Effect of friction coefficients on the dynamic response of gear systems

Lingli JIANG, Zhenyong DENG, Fengshou GU, Andrew D. BALL, Xuejun LI

Journal Article

Smart model for accurate estimation of solar radiation

Lazhar ACHOUR, Malek BOUHARKAT, Ouarda ASSAS, Omar BEHAR

Journal Article

Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers

Ulrich L?CHELT, Ernst WAGNER

Journal Article

Identifying spreading influence nodes for social networks

Journal Article

Heterogeneous influence of individuals’ behavior on mask efficacy in gathering environments

Journal Article

Wind tunnel test study on the wind pressure coefficient of claddings of high-rise buildings

Yong QUAN, Yi LIANG, Fei WANG, Ming GU

Journal Article

Social Influence Analysis: Models, Methods, and Evaluation

Kan Li, Lin Zhang, Heyan Huang

Journal Article

Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different base-materials

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

Journal Article